AVON VALES - Cotswolds
	Agricultural intensification - loss of hedgerows, increasing field size, loss of ridge and furrow and hay meadows
	Intense land-use pressure due to surrounding protected areas (AONBs)
	Land in between settlements neglected
	Pressure for new roads and associated development
BERKSHIRE AND MARLBOROUGH DOWNS - North Wessex Downs
	Clearance and lack of management of historic woodlands
	Field amalgamation, loss of hedgerows, arable farming and commercial forestry impacts
	Impact of new landuses such as golf courses and pig farming
	Inappropriate management of set-aside land
	Pressure for new motorway services, petrol stations and other major route services
	Pressure for new roads and improvements to existing roads
	Recreational conflicts (walkers, motorcyclists and off-road vehicles) on downland tracks
	Replacement of former sheep pastures with arable or horse gallups
	Scrub invasion of chalk grasslands - removal of traditional management regimes
BLACKDOWNS – Blackdown Hills, East Devon, Dorset
	Decline of hedgerows and hedgerow trees
	Declining woodland management in accessible areas and unsympathetic new planting
	Increase in unsympathetic conifer plantations
	Increasing field size and amalgamation of holdings. Conversion of pasture fields to arable and outdoor pig rearing
	On the coast, negative tourism development impacts
	Smaller tree groups are maturing or over-mature and there are no potential replacements
BLACKMOOR AND VALE OF WARDOUR - Dorset, Cranborne Chase
	Improvements and dualing of A303 and A30 and impact on landscape
	Lack of management of small and remote woodlands
	Loss of acid grassland on the Greensand ridge
	Loss of hedgerow trees
	Loss of Hedgerows
	Waterside landscape (wet meadows, meandering streams, willows and alders) under threat
BODMIN MOOR - Cornwall
	Conifer plantations on heathland edge and within broadleaf valley woodlands
	Conversion of heathland and agricultural improvement of grass-heath
	Decline of hedgerows and earth and boulder banks
	Under- and over-grazing of moorlands
	Wind farm development
BRISTOL, AVON VALLEYS AND RIDGES - Cotswolds, Mendips
	Decline of hedgerow management
	Decline of village character
	Development along M4/M5, out of town shopping centres and office development dominates landscape
	Increasing recreational pressure on open spaces
	Quarrying of limestone ridges
	Urban fringe problems
CORNISH KILLAS – Cornwall, Tamar Valley
	Decline of archaeological remains and historic field patterns due to modern agricultural practices
	Decline of remote woodlands and orchards
	Economic viability of non-essential agricultural operations leading to decline of essential landscape features, for example hedgerow decline
	Inappropriate coastal development
	Industrial development on town edges
	Masking of the traditional settlement pattern and structure
	Other tourism related pressures including road improevements and extensive leisure developments such as golf courses and marinas on the south coast
	Wind farm development
COTSWOLDS - Cotswolds
	Agricultural Improvement (loss of important semi-natural. habitats)
	Increased signage on roads due to tourism and through traffic
	Loss of dry stone walls
	Loss of unimproved grassland and scrub, declining grazing
	new buildings for residential use, use of inappropriate materials, conversion of farm buildings to residential use.
	Pressures for landfill sites, quarrying and gravel extraction
	Small woodlands - conversion to conifer and lack of management
	Tourist Honeypot issues - congestion, footpath erosion, user conflicts, etc
DARTMOOR
	Lack of maintenance of Devon banks and dry stone walls may become a problem.
	Many plantations are mature and there is the opportunity to consider long-term strategies
	Military use of the Moor can have detrimental effects and requires monitoring.
	Mineral working and windfarms are long-term issues currently met by firm policies.
	Modern farming practice in some areas is tending to blur the upland/lowland distinction areas are reverting to scrub and bracken, others are being more intensively farmed
	Popular areas can become eroded, and tourism-related development has not always been in sympathy with local building styles.
	The character of much of the moor is maintained by grazing. This needs to be sustained in the face of changing agricultural economics. Winter grazing by ponies, sheep and cattle, feeding of stock on the moor and over-grazing have been recent problems
	The smaller valley woodlands, often on steep & inaccessible sites, are frequently not in active management.
	Traffic-calming in the villages, the need for more and larger signs and for highway engineering improvements has to be carefully handled to avoid an adverse visual impact.
DEVON REDLANDS – Blackdown Hills, East Devon
	Dutch Elm disease
	Loss of hedgerow trees, copses and small woodlands
	New road impacts, particularly in the open river plains
	Pressure from tourism, commuter and retirement settlement on coast and areas near Exeter and villages and towns
	Shift from pasture to arable
DORSET DOWNS AND CRANBORNE CHASE - Dorset, Cranborne Chase
	Continued loss of ancient floated water meadow systems in Chalk Valleys
	damage to archaeological remains from arable cultivation
	Economics of farming leading to unsympathetic diversification (golf courses, etc)
	Geometric shape and species composition of some game coverts depart from the character of the area
	Impact of roads, associated signage, earthworks and lights on the landscape
	Increase in outdoor pig rearing
	Lack of management of woodland, coppice, copses and parkland features
	Lowering of water table significant impact on chalk stream landscape and biodiversity
	New crops (linseed, brassicas, etc) not in keeping with the character
	Scrub encroachment on scarp slopes
	suburbanisation of settlements
DORSET HEATHS - Dorset, Cranborne Chase
	Fragmentation of heathland due to urban expansion, new development and roads, aggregate and ball-clay extraction
	MOD activities on heathland
	Potential for on-shore oil exploration to impact on landscape
	Recreational pressure
	Reversion of heathland to scrub and woodland due to lack of management - viability of holdings can be marginal and urban fringe pressures
	Urban fringe damage to heathland (trespass, vandalism, fires, fly-tipping, erosion and occupation by travellers)
EXMOOR – North Devon
	Beech hedge and shelterbelt decline due to economic cost to maintain
	Breaching of Porlock Bay ridge
	Conversion of redundant farm buildings to residential use
	Impact of large conifer plantations and associated grey squirrel problems and rhododendron invasion
	Potential for inappropriate wind power development
	Reduction and fragmentation of species rich valley grasslands through agricultural improvement
	Visitor pressure and associated problems - erosion on trackways and parking areas, erosion from 4 wheel drive vehicles, numbers of people and problems at the coast particularly difficult to manage
ISLE OF PORTLAND/WEYMOUTH - Dorset
	Changed use of Portland harbour
	Domination of Portland landscape by quarries, industrial buildings, spoil heaps and poorly maintained dry stone walls
	Impact of tourist traffic and associated road improvements. Impact of caravan parks on the landscape.
	Inappropriate development on Chesil Beach and The Fleet
	Urban fringe impact around Weymouth (poorly managed land, run-down hedges, ramshackle buildings and over-extensive horse grazing)
ISLES OF SCILLY – Isles of Scilly
	Decline of grazing
	Decline of horticultural industry due to competition from southern Europe. Associated decline in management of hedgerows and abandonment of land
	Impact of aggregate extraction
	Impact of sea level rise and requirement for sea defence and their impact on the landscape
	Problems associated with the tourism industry - new development, pollution of aquifers and pools and waste disposal
MARSHWOOD AND POWERSTOCK VALES - Dorset
	Changes in farming and estate management leading to decline in character of woodlands, hedgerows, unimproved grassland and heathland
	Decline of hedgerows
	Impact of major road developments
	Potential for inappropriate coastal defence
	Pressure for inappropriate leisure development along the coast
MENDIP HILLS - Mendips
	Agricultural improvement, neglect, etc leading to loss of unimproved limestone grassland
	Decline of dry stone walls
	Decline of hedgerows and hedgerow trees
	Decline of strawberry industry due to eelworm and resultant decline in landscape quality
	Former lead mining features being lost due to agricultural improvement, ploughing and landfill
	Heathland at risk from fire, then associated bracken invasion and erosion
	Lack of management of landscape important woodland
	Outdoor pig rearing and associated impact on the landscape, vegetation loss and soil erosion
	Quarrying and associated landscape impacts (traffic, scars on landscape and changes in hydrology)
	Tourist impacts in honeypot sites
QUANTOCK HILLS – Quantock Hills
	Beech hedge and shelterbelt decline due to economic cost to maintain
	Conversion of redundant farm buildings to residential use
	Impact of large conifer plantations and associated grey squirrel problems and rhododendron invasion
	Increasing Rhododendron and Bracken and declining grazing
	potential for inappropriate wind power development
SALISBURY PLAIN AND WEST WILTSHIRE DOWNS -Cranborne Chase, North Wessex Downs and Cotswolds
	Arable farming and development pressure on non-protected archaeology
	Decline of grazing - loss of unimproved grassland and scrub encroachment
	Impact of MOD activities on landscape
	Loss of hedgerows
	Road improvements and dualing of trunk routes
SEVERN AND AVON VALES - Cotswolds
	Deteriorating Riverside Trees, Pollards and Grasslands
	Fragmentation of semi-natural vegetation.
	Impact of Large Prominent Buildings (particularly fruit packing houses)
	Loss of High Trees from Old Orchards
	Loss of Ridge and Furrow Landscape
	Loss of Trees from Dutch Elm Disease
	Low cutting of Hedges
	Rapid Decline of Old Orchards
	Soil Erosion in River Corridors
	Subtle landscape change (field patterns, small copses, patches of semi-natural vegetation) - intensification of agriculture.
SOUTH DEVON – South Devon, Tamar Valley
	Change to intensive arable farming on the plateau and associated removal of banks, hedgerows and orchards.
	Fragments of heathland on the Dartmoor fringe under threat
	Pressure for retirement development leading to innappopriate development and suburbanisation
	Tourism development and associated roads. Pressure for associated development (caravans, chalets, etc), congestion in lanes, car-parking, damage to verges and hedgerows
SOUTH PURBECK -Dorset
	Impact of MOD activities
	Potential impact of increased mineral extraction actvities
	Scrub encroachment on Chalk ridge and arable conversion
	Tourism and recreational pressure
	Visually intrusive car parks and caravan sites
THE CULM – Cornwall, North Devon
	Agricultural intensification on better land around the Taw/Torridge estuaries
	Fragmentation of unimproved grassland
	Inappropriately designed/built bungalows for retired farmers on farmsteads
	Lack of hedgerow management and other non-essential farm management because of economic circumstances
	Lack of long term management for Culm grassland and hedgerows
	Landscape sensitive to change in practice and policy
	Loss of grazing/pastural agriculture, Improved drainage etc - loss of grassland species diversity
	Tourism development on accessible sections of coast
THE LIZARD - Cornwall
	Decline of livestock farming causing scrub encroachment on open heathland
	Expansion of quarries on the east coast
	Impact of tourism related development
	Intensification of arable and large-scale vegetable production and associated loss of hedgerows and woodland
	Replacement of heathland with coniferous plantations
	wind farm and communications mast development
VALE OF TAUNTON AND QUANTOCK FRINGES – Quantock Hills, Blackdown Hills
	Development on the Urban fringe of Taunton
	Due to nearby towns, countryside villages under pressure for commuter development and inappropriate farm building conversion
	Holiday and caravan park development (particularly on north coast)
	Impact of Hinkley Point powerstation
	Loss of field patterns, hedgerows and small woodlands
	Loss of hedgerow trees
	Loss of old orchards and replacement with inappropriate low, bush orchards
	major development in last 50 years - mineral extraction, industrial development, road construction and powerlines
	standardisation of land management and cropping blurring distinctive landscape types
WEST PENWITH - Cornwall
	Archaeological features destroyed or eroded
	Conversion of heathland and agricultural improvement of grass-heath
	Decline of hedgerows and earth and boulder banks
	Impact of field scale market gardening, associated buildings and removal of field boundaries
YEOVIL SCARPLANDS - Dorset
	Development pressure on towns and villages. Commercial and retail development near Yeovil
	Erosion of sandy soils on the Yeovil Sand in areas of arable cultivation
	Inappropriate management of rivers and canalisation
	Lack of woodland management and conversion of broadleaved to conifers
	Loss of woodland including hedgerow trees, grubbing up of orchards and lack of pollarding hedgerow Ash trees
	Scrub encroachment and deterioration of trees in historic parklands